7^th International Conference on Brain Disorders and Therapeutics September 25-26, 2019 Copenhagen, Denmark

Diagnostic tests and procedures are vital tools that help physicians confirm or rule out the presence of a neurological disorder or other medical condition. Tests and techniques such as Chorionic villus sampling, Pre-symptomatic testing, Biomarkers, Molecular diagnostics, Neuroimaging and Human Neuroimaging are commonly used to diagnose.

Drug addiction is a brain disease that is characterized by compulsive drug seeking, despite of its harmful consequences. It causes changes in the normal activity of the nervous system damaging the nerve tissues, killing neurons and this leads to dysregulation of neural system. Thus uncontrolled drug use results in toxicity of brain. Some of the behavioral effects of drug addiction include Paranoia, Aggressiveness, Impulsiveness, and Loss of Self-Control. Prescription drugs that are often abused are sleep medicines and opioids. In reality, drug addiction is a complex disease, and quitting usually takes more than good intentions or a strong will. Drugs change the brain in ways that make quitting hard, even for those who want to. Fortunately, researchers know more than ever about how drugs affect the brain and have found treatments that can help people recover from drug addiction and lead productive lives.

Computational systems are useful in neuroscience in many ways. For instance, they may be used to construct maps of brain structure and activation or to describe brain processes mathematically. The nervous system is the network of nerve cells and fibers which transmits nerve impulses between parts of the body. Brain Engineering is about using scientific methods to understand and model the nervous system and to use this knowledge to engineer systems that interact with augment or mimic nervous system functionality.

Neuropharmacology is the branch of pharmacology which deals with the action of drugs in the nervous system. Behavioral Neuropharmacology and Molecular neuropharmacology are the branches of neuropharmacology. Behavioral neuropharmacology is the study about how drugs affect human behavior (neuropsychopharmacology), and addiction affect human brain. Behavioral and Molecular fields are very closely connected, since both are concerned with the interactions. In neuropharmacology we also study about the drugs and their targets that influence the functions of the nervous system (brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves) in health and disease.

Pediatric neurology or child neurology refers to a specialized branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and management of neurological conditions in neonates (newborns), infants, children and adolescents. The discipline of child neurology encompasses diseases and disorders of the spinal cord, brain, peripheral nervous system, autonomic nervous system, muscles and blood vessels that affect individuals in these age groups.

Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the diagnosis and treatment of human responses, and advocacy in health care for individuals, families, communities, and populations. The goal of this session is to know nursing activities that have the potential to maximize outcomes for severe brain disorders.

Brain cancers occur when one type of cell transforms from its general characteristics. Once it gets transformed, the cells grow and multiply in abnormal ways forming a cancerous growth of cell mass. The early symptoms includes severe headaches and drowsiness early in the morning, sudden convulsions with involuntary movements of a person's muscles, personality or memory changes, fatigue, nausea or vomiting and sleep problems.

The exact causes for most brain cancer are unknown. Still genetic factors, strong dose of radiation to the head, environmental toxins and consumption of tobacco all of these have been linked to brain cancer.

Neurosurgery is the medical specialty concerned with the prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and rehabilitation of disorders which affect any portion of the nervous system including the brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, and extra-cranial cerebrovascular system. The specialty of neurosurgical care includes both adult and pediatric patients. The session will be focused on the notable advancements in the field of neurosurgery and neurosurgical tools.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a clear, colorless body fluid found in the brain and spinal cord. Cerebrospinal fluid has three main functions: It protects brain and spinal cord from trauma, supplies nutrients to nervous system tissue, removes waste products from cerebral metabolism. CSF leaks occur through a communication between the lining of the brain and the nose. These communications may occur spontaneously or result from trauma or prior sinonasal surgery. Complications may occur if the cause is surgery or trauma. Infections after surgery or trauma can lead to meningitis and serious complications, such as swelling of the brain. Most CSF leaks are a complication of a spinal tap or surgery.

Pathophysiology is defined as the convergence of pathology with physiology. Pathology describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism. Modern day pathophysiology means the functional changes associated with or resulting from disease or injury.

Psychosomatic medicine integrates interdisciplinary evaluation and management in medical field exploring the relationships among social, psychological, and behavioral factors on bodily processes and quality of life in humans and animals. A Psychosomatic Medicine is a subspecialty of psychiatry which is mainly used in diagnosis and treatment of psychiatry disorders and also symptoms in chronic medically suffering ill patients. Clinical conditions where mental methods act as major reason affecting medical outcomes are areas where psychosomatic medicine has competence.

Psychiatry includes trained medical doctors who prescribe medications, and they spend much of their time with patients on medication management as a course of treatment. Psychology focuses extensively on psychotherapy and treating emotional and mental suffering in patients with behavioral intervention. Nowadays genetics has been one of the key driving forces in psychiatric research.

The brain stem connects the brain with the spinal cord. It controls hunger and thirst and some of the most basic body functions, such as body temperature, blood pressure, and breathing. Together, the brain and spinal cord are known as the central nervous system (CNS). The brain is the command center for your body, and the spinal cord is the pathway for messages sent by the brain to the body and from the body to the brain. Meninges are membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord. There are three layers of meninges: Dura mater (closest to the bone), Arachnoid loosely around the brain, Pia mater is closely attached to the brain and spinal cord surface. Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) cushions the brain and spinal cord.

In humans, the time span of term birth to ∼2 years of age is characterized by rapid and dynamic brain development and plays an important role in cognitive development and risk of disorders. Development in imaging studies have begun to indicate the growth trajectories of brain structure and function in the first years after birth and their relationship to cognition and risk of neuropsychiatric disorders. The structural connectivity describes anatomical connections linking a set of neural elements whereas functional connectivity is generally derived from time series observations, and describes patterns of statistical dependence among neural elements.

Neuro-immunology is a field of science which combines neuroscience, the study of the nervous system, and immunology, the study of the immune system together. “Despite the brain's status as an immune privileged site, an extensive bi-directional communication takes place between the nervous and the immune system in both health and disease.”- US National Institute of Health. The goal of this season is to know more about Neuro-immunology and understanding the pathology of certain neurological diseases and for further developments in this research area.

Neurological disorders are medically defined as disorders that affect the brain as well as the nerves found throughout the human body and the spinal cord. These are undoubtedly the most frightening illnesses that human beings face.  There are more than 600 recognized neurological disorders, some relatively common, but many are rare like frontotemporal dementia. Neurological disorders are caused due to structural, biochemical or electrical abnormalities in the brain, spinal cord or other nerves which contribute to many symptoms.

Animal models have played an important role for our understanding of the details of brain development. This session will review the history of animal models and the emergence of many useful models for developmental studies today. Comparative anatomical reports began with Aristotle and his dissections of various animals, but it was not until the 19th century that the use of postmortem and live animal models became common. 

Neurophysiology is a medical specialty of neuroscience and physiology which deals with the functioning of the central and peripheral nervous system which includes cellular networks, sub-cellular compartments, and also single cells. This study regularly uses electrophysiological or molecular biological tool to monitor the function of nerves and the total system related to it. In some of the recent neurophysiology articles it has been stated that the decided output to do any action in frontal cortex results from the processing of several inputs from the environment, the internal milieu and from the other sectors of cerebral cortex.

The goal of this session is to understand the Novel Treatment strategies like Neurocircuitry of Motivation, Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Research, Anti-amyloid therapy, Real-world Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment, Molecular Neuropsychiatry and Future research directions in brain disorders.